Bee flora
Bee-forage flora of the Iberian Peninsula
Editorial catalog of plants with beekeeping relevance, bringing together flowering periods, nectar and pollen value, bee relations, and management notes.
Flora supports colony nutrition and resilience, but it does not replace health monitoring, diagnosis, or veterinary treatment.
Almond tree
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb
Almond tree (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb) is a bee-forage tree recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from January to March, with moderate nectar value and high pollen value.
Blackberry bramble
Rubus ulmifolius Schott
Blackberry bramble (Rubus ulmifolius Schott) is a bee-forage shrub recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from April to August, with high nectar value and high pollen value.
Blue gum eucalyptus
Eucalyptus globulus Labill.
Blue gum eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) is a bee-forage tree recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from November to April, with very high nectar value and high pollen value.
Borage
Borago officinalis L.
Borage (Borago officinalis L.) is a bee-forage annual herb recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from February to October, with very high nectar value and high pollen value.
Chestnut tree
Castanea sativa Mill.
Chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a bee-forage tree recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from May to July, with high nectar value and very high pollen value.
Common heather
Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull
Common heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull) is a bee-forage subshrub recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from July to October, with very high nectar value and moderate pollen value.
Grey willow
Salix atrocinerea Brot.
Grey willow (Salix atrocinerea Brot.) is a bee-forage tree or shrub recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from February to April, with high nectar value and very high pollen value.
Gum rockrose
Cistus ladanifer L.
Gum rockrose (Cistus ladanifer L.) is a bee-forage shrub recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from March to June, with very low nectar value and very high pollen value.
Hawthorn
Crataegus monogyna Jacq.
Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) is a bee-forage tree or shrub recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from March to June, with moderate nectar value and high pollen value.
Purple viper's bugloss
Echium plantagineum L.
Purple viper's bugloss (Echium plantagineum L.) is a bee-forage annual herb recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from February to July, with very high nectar value and high pollen value.
Rosemary
Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.
Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.) is a bee-forage shrub recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from January to December, with very high nectar value and moderate pollen value.
Silver wattle
Acacia dealbata Link
Silver wattle (Acacia dealbata Link) is a bee-forage tree recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from January to April, with very low nectar value and high pollen value.
Spanish heath
Erica australis L.
Spanish heath (Erica australis L.) is a bee-forage shrub recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from February to June, with high nectar value and moderate pollen value.
Spanish lavender
Lavandula stoechas L.
Spanish lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) is a bee-forage subshrub recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from March to June, with very high nectar value and moderate pollen value.
Spanish marjoram
Thymus mastichina (L.) L.
Spanish marjoram (Thymus mastichina (L.) L.) is a bee-forage subshrub recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from May to August, with very high nectar value and moderate pollen value.
Strawberry tree
Arbutus unedo L.
Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) is a bee-forage tree or shrub recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from October to January, with high nectar value and moderate pollen value.
Sunflower
Helianthus annuus L.
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a bee-forage annual crop recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from June to September, with high nectar value and very high pollen value.
Sweet orange tree
Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Sweet orange tree (Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck) is a bee-forage tree recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from March to May, with very high nectar value and moderate pollen value.
White clover
Trifolium repens L.
White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a bee-forage herb recorded for the Iberian Peninsula. It usually flowers from April to October, with high nectar value and high pollen value.